❓ How to Formulate a Scientifically Balanced Animal Feed Pellet Recipe Using Local Ingredients?

🐄 Animal Nutrition Key Points

🔹 1. Nutrient Categories

• Energy Sources: Grains (Maize, Sorghum, Barley), Roots/Tubers (Cassava, Sweet Potato), Molasses
• Protein Sources: Oilseed Cakes (Soybean, Groundnut, Cottonseed), Pulses (Chunies), Brewer’s & Distiller’s Grains
• Fiber Sources: Straw, Husk, Stover, Grasses (Napier, Lucerne), Tree Leaves

🔹 2. Important Nutrients

Nutrient	Role
Crude Protein (CP)	Growth, milk yield, body repair
Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)	Energy for body functions
Calcium (Ca)	Bone health, muscle function
Phosphorus (P)	Energy metabolism, reproduction
Vitamins (A, D, E, B)	Immunity, reproduction, metabolism
Fiber	Rumen health, digestion balance

🔹 3. Common Feed Values (Selected)

Ingredient	CP %	TDN %	Remarks
Maize	8–12	85–90	High energy, low lysine
Soybean Meal	44–48	80–85	Excellent protein, well-balanced
Wheat Bran	13–16	65–70	Good fiber, phosphorus source
Molasses	1–2	55–60	Palatable, binding agent
Napier Grass (Green)	8–10	55–60	High yield, good roughage
Rice Bran De-oiled	13–16	55–65	Balanced amino acids, high P

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⚙️ How to Make a Mix-and-Match Animal Feed Pellet Recipe

🧪 Step-by-Step Formulation Process

✅ 1. Define Animal Type and Requirement

• Example: Lactating Cow (12–15 kg milk/day)
• Daily Nutrient Requirement:
  • CP: 14–16%
  • TDN: 65–70%
  • Ca: 0.8–1%
  • P: 0.4–0.6%

✅ 2. Choose Base Ingredients

Ingredient	Inclusion %	Purpose
Maize or Bajra	25–30%	Energy
Soybean Meal	15–20%	High protein
Wheat Bran	10–15%	Fiber + Phosphorus
Rice Bran	10–15%	Protein + Energy
Molasses	5%	Palatability + Binder
Mineral Mix	1–2%	Balanced minerals
Salt	0.5–1%	Electrolyte balance
Ground Napier Grass	10–15%	Green roughage fiber

✅ 3. Mixing & Pelleting

• Mix thoroughly to achieve homogeneity
• Use molasses as a binding agent
• Condition material to 70–80°C if using a pellet mill
• Target pellet size: 4–6 mm for cattle

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⚠️ Technical Tips & Cautions

• Always analyze feed ingredients for moisture, toxins (e.g., aflatoxins in maize), and fiber levels.
• Avoid excessive molasses (>15%) to prevent digestive issues.
• Introduce new rations gradually to avoid acidosis.
• Add yeast culture or probiotics to enhance digestion.

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📌 Example Pellet Formula (Cattle Feed – Balanced)

🇮🇳 State-Wise Animal Feed Pellet Recipes (Indicative Formulations)

📌 Format (All % are inclusion rates in feed pellet):

• Energy Source (Maize, Sorghum, etc.)
• Protein Source (Oilseed cake, legumes, etc.)
• Fiber Source (Bran, husk, stover, etc.)
• Additives (Molasses, mineral mix, salt)

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🐄 1. Punjab / Haryana

Common Ingredients: Wheat bran, cottonseed cake, mustard cake, barseem, maize

• Maize – 25%
• Cottonseed cake – 18%
• Wheat bran – 20%
• Barseem hay powder – 15%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Mustard cake – 14%

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🌾 2. Uttar Pradesh / Bihar

Common Ingredients: Wheat bran, rice bran, mustard cake, maize

• Maize – 28%
• Mustard cake – 18%
• Wheat bran – 15%
• De-oiled rice bran – 15%
• Molasses – 4%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Gram chuni – 17%

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🌿 3. Maharashtra

Common Ingredients: Jowar, groundnut cake, cottonseed cake, sugarcane tops

• Sorghum (Jowar) – 30%
• Groundnut cake – 20%
• Cottonseed cake – 10%
• Sugarcane tops (powdered) – 15%
• Wheat bran – 10%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Neem cake (optional) – 7%

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🌴 4. Tamil Nadu / Kerala

Common Ingredients: Tapioca residue, coconut cake, maize, rice bran

• Tapioca thippi – 20%
• Coconut cake – 15%
• Maize – 25%
• Rice bran – 15%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Green fodder powder – 12%
• Fish meal (if allowed) – 5%

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🍚 5. West Bengal / Assam / Odisha

Common Ingredients: Rice polish, rice bran, mustard cake, molasses

• Rice polish – 25%
• Mustard cake – 20%
• De-oiled rice bran – 20%
• Paddy straw powder – 10%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Banana stem powder – 7%
• Wheat bran – 10%

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🏜️ 6. Rajasthan / Gujarat

Common Ingredients: Bajra, guar meal, groundnut cake, cottonseed cake, moth chuni

• Pearl millet (Bajra) – 25%
• Groundnut cake – 18%
• Cottonseed cake – 15%
• Guar meal – 10%
• Moth chuni – 10%
• Wheat bran – 10%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Lucerne hay powder – 4%

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🌳 7. Madhya Pradesh / Chhattisgarh

Common Ingredients: Maize, wheat bran, soybean meal, arhar chuni

• Maize – 28%
• Soybean meal – 15%
• Arhar chuni – 10%
• De-oiled rice bran – 12%
• Wheat bran – 15%
• Molasses – 5%
• Mineral mix – 2%
• Salt – 1%
• Tree leaf powder (neem, ber) – 5%
• Paddy straw powder – 7%

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